Desert Fever
An Overview of Mining History of the California Desert Conservation Area

San Bernardino County - End Notes

1. H. E. Cloudman, E.,   Huguenin, F. J. H. Merrill, “San Bernardino County,” California Mining Bureau Report 15, 1919, p. 865

2. Ibid; Mary F. Strong, “Mohave Desert Turquoise,” Desert , April, 1977, pp. 32-35.

3. Erwin G. Gudde, California Gold Camps (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1975), p. 303; Leroy Hafen and Ann Hafen, Journals of the Forty-niners, Salt Lake to Los Angeles, Far West and Rockies Series II (Glendale; Arthur H. Clark Co., 1954), pp. 94-96; George W. Beattie and Helen Pruitt, Heritage of the Valley (Oakland: Biobooks, 1951), pp. 198, 331; Lynn R. Bailey, ed., “Lt Sylvester Mowry's Report on his March in 1886 from Salt Lake to Fort Tejon,” Arizona and the West Vol   7 (Winter, 1965)" 340.

4. John Von Blon, “Lost Gold of Salt Springs,” Desert , February, 1950, pp.23-27; Rossiter W. Raymond, Statistics of Mines and Mining in the States and Territories West of the Rocky Mountains (Washington D. C.; Government Printing Office, 1870), p. 14; San Francisco Alta California , November 26, 1864; Los Angeles News , October 29, 1864; Beattie and Pruitt, pp.11-12.

5. Von Blon, pp.23-27; Gudde, p 303; San Bernardino Valley Index , September 9, October 22, 1881.

6. San Bernardino Valley Index , September 9, October 22, 1881; Stanley W. Paher, Death Valley Ghost Towns (Las Vegas: Nevada Publications, 1973) p. 20; Walter C. Mendenhall, Some Desert Watering Places in Southeastern California and Southwestern Nevada U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 224 (Washington D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1909), p. 48.

7. San Bernardino Guardian , September 21, 1872, January 4, June 7, October 4, 19873; W. A. Goodyear, “San Bernardino County,” California Bureau Report 8 , 1888, pp. 501-502; James H. Crossman, “San Bernardino, its Mineral and Other Resources,” Mining and Scientific Press , November 15, 1890.

8. San Bernardino Argus August 21, 1873; San Bernardino Valley Times , January 13, 1877.

9. Calico Print , March 1, May 31, 1885.

10. Goodyear, 1888, pp. 501-502; Crossman, November 15, 1890

11. 1900 Census Camp Cady ED. 233 sheet 6; San Bernardino Misc. Records, Book B pp.535-58; Redlands Citrograph June 20, 1903; Barstow Printer September 22, 1911, April 17, June 16, December 11, 1914; Engineering and Mining Journal , April 25, 1908; W. B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, “Los Angeles Field Division, San Bernardino County,” California Division of Mines Report 39 , 1943, p. 474; W. B. Tucker “Los Angeles Field Division, San Bernardino County,” California Mining Bureau Report 17 , 1921, p. 359, W.B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, “Los Angeles Field Division, San Bernardino County,” California Division of Mines Report 27 , 1931, p.340.

12. Calico Print , February 1, 1885; Barstow Printer , February 3, June 2, August 4, 1911, January 12, 1912.

13. Barstow Printer , June 2, 1911, January 26, February 9, 16, 1912.   Calico Print , March 1, 1885.

14. Barstow Printer , January 13, February 3, 1911; W. B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, 1931, p. 320; Dennis G. Casebier, The Mojave Road (Norco: Tales of the Mojave Road, 1975).

15. Mining Review , April 30, 1908; Mining and Scientific Press , July 3, 1909; Barstow Printer , August 12, December 23, 1910, January 19, 1912; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, pp. 329-330; Lauren A. Wright, et. al., “Mines and Mineral Deposits of San Bernardino County, California,” California Journal of Mines and Geology vol. 49 , 1953, p. 73.

16. Wright, 1953, pp.72-76

17. Lauren A. Wright, “Geology of the Silver Lake Talc Deposits San Bernardino County, California,” California Division of Mines Special Report 38 , 1954.

18. Redlands Citrograph , October 27, 1906; Mining and Scientific Press , November 24, 1906, January 26, 1907; Walter N. Frickstad, A Century of California Post Offices, 1848 to 1954 (Oakland: A Philatelic Research Society Publication, 1955) p. 139; David F. Myrick, Railroads of Nevada and Eastern California: The Southern Roads (Berkeley; Howell-North Books, 1963), p. 548.

19. Myrick, 1963, p. 138; Dix Van Dyke, Life on the Mojave River Valley , Patricia Keeling, ed. (Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum Association, 1976), p. 26l; Redlands Citrograph , October 27, 1906; Frickstad, p. 138.

20. Mining and Scientific Press , July 3, 1909.

21. Mendenhall, 1909, pp.54-55; Charles G. Yale, “California,” U. S. Geological Survey Mineral Resources of the U. S., Calendar Year 1908 (Washington D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1909, p.346; Tucker, 1921, p. 359; Mining and Oil Bulletin , July, 1919, p. 451.

22. Mining Reporter , April 25, 1907, Barstow Printer , February 3, 1911; Von Blon, 1950.

23. Mining Review , July 18, 1907; Redlands Citrograph , October 26, 1907, Bullfrog Miner , December 30, 1907 ; Barstow Printer , February 23, 1912.

24. Redlands Citrograph , March, 30, 1895.

25. Cloudman, 1919, pp.822-823; Wright, 1953, pp. 119-120.

26. Walter Ford, “Samaritan of Cave Springs,” Desert Magazine , November, 1939, pp. 12-15; Von Blon, 1950, pp. 23-27; Mendenhall 1909, p. 47.

27. Marcia R. Wynn, Desert Bonanza: The Story of Early Randsburg, Mojave Desert Mining Camp (Culver City: M. W. Samuelson, 1949), pp. 12,25; Willie A. Chalfant The Story of Inyo (Stanford Press, 1933), p. 47.

28. San Francisco Alta California , February 23, July 31, 1863.

29. Ibid., June 5, July 31, 1863; Wynn, 1949, p. 27; Chalfant, 1933, pp. 135-137.

30. G. I. Smith, et. al., “Geologic Reconnaissance of the Slate Range, San Bernardino and Inyo Counties, California,” California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 96, 1968, pp. 28-32.

31. C. A. Waring and Emile Huguenin, "Inyo County," California Mining Bureau Report 15 , 1919, p. 105.

32. C. A. Norman and R. M. Stewart, “Mines and Resources of Inyo County,” California Journal of Mines and Geology vol. 47, 1951, pp. 38-39; W. B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, “Mineral Resources of Inyo County,” California Division of Mines Report 34 , 1938. P.381.

33. Tucker and Sampson, 1938, pp. 416-417; Norman and Stewart, 1951, pp. 41,46.50.

34. Marion T. Arnote, telephone interview with Larry Vredenburgh, October 26, 1978; Dr. O. N. Cole interview, Trona, California, with Larry Vredenburgh, November 17, 1978; Fletcher Tweed interview, Onyx Mine, Panamint Valley with Larry Vredenburgh, October 24, 1978; Granville Cherry interview, Trona, California, with Larry Vredenburgh, October 20, 25, 1978; Maturango Peak USGS Topographic map, scale, 1:62,500, 1951; Roberta Starry, “California's Chinese Wall,” Desert Magazine , April, 1969, pp. 10-13.

35. San Francisco Alta California , May 22, October 15, November 23, 1863, March 17, March 31, 1864; Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , February 9, 1911.

36. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , February 9, 1911.

37. Charles Battye, "Colorado River Days," Arizona Highways, December, 1936, p. 22; H. DeGroot, "San Bernardino County: Its Mountains, Plains and Valleys," California Mining Bureau Report 10, 1890, p. 532.

38. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald, February 9, 1911

39. Needles Booth Bazoo , January 26, 1889.

40. Ibid., March 16, 1889; James H. Crossman, “San Bernardino County,” California Mining Bureau Report 9 , 1890, p. 239; De Groot, 1890, p. 532.

41. Redlands Citrograph, April 27, August 10, 1889; Crossman, 1890, p. 239; Needles Booths Bazoo March 16, 1889.

42. Crossman, 1890, p. 239.

43. J. J. Crawford, “Mines and Mining Products of California,” California Mining Bureau Report 12 , 1894, p. 376; Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , February 9, 1911; Map of the Colorado River from Black River Canyon, Arizona to Arizona-Sonora Boundary , USGS, scale 1:31, 680, 1927.

44. Blythe Palo Verde Herald , February 9, 1911, February 1, 1912.

45 Ibid.

46 Ibid., February 1, 1912.

47 Ibid., May 30, June 27, 1912.

48 Ibid., October 2, 26, 1912.

49 M. A. Newman, “Los Angeles Field Division,” California Mining Bureau Report 18 , 1923, p. 309; Wright, 1953, tab. list p. 3.

50. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald, December 7, 1911; Redlands Citrograph , December 24, 1904, October 27, 1906.

51. Redlands Citrograph , December 31, 1904; Map of the Colorado River from Black River Canyon, Arizona to Arizona-Sonora Boundary , USGS, scale 1:31, 680, 1927.

52. Myrick, 1963, p.792.

53. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , May 2, 25, 1911, December 21, 1912.

54. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , June 15, 1911.

55. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , December 7, 1911; February 1, 1913.

56. Parker D. Trask, “Manganese in California,” California Division of Mines Bulletin 152 , 1950, pp. 202-203.

57. Redlands Citrograph , February 11, 1905; G. E. Bailey, “Register of Mines and Minerals, San Bernardino County,” California Mining Bureau Registers of Mines No. 11 , 1902, p. 11; L. E. Aubury, “The Copper Resources of California,” California Mining Bureau Bulletin 50 , 1908, p. 337; Wright, 1953, p. 65.

58. Redlands Citrograph, February 29, 1908; Aubury, 1908, p. 337; Wright, 1953; tab. list. p. 22; Los Angeles Times, May 13, 1971.

59. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , October 12, 1911, January 25, February 22, 1912; Aubury, 1908, p. 337; Cloudman, 1919, p. 784.

60. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald, January 25, July 4, 1912.

61. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald, January 25, November 23, 1912, January 25, 1913; H. C. Cloudman, “D and W Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished Field Notes , Division of Mines and Geology, Los Angeles Office, November 11, 1913.

62. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , February 23, November 23, 30, 1911; Engineering and Mining Journal, August 8, 1908.

63. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald , February 8, November 23, 1912; July 24, 1913; Cloudman, 1919, p. 791.

64. San Francisco Alta California , October 15, 1863.

65. Ibid.; L. F. Noble, “Nitrate Deposits in Southeastern California, with Notes on Deposits in Southeastern Arizona and Southwestern New Mexico,” U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 820 (Washington, D. C.; Government Printing Office, 1931), pp. 32-49.

66. "Bancroft Scraps," Unpublished manuscript located in the Bancroft Library, July 25, September 9, 1863; San Francisco Alta California, August 13, November 1, 1863.

67. San Francisco Alta California , August 13, 1863, January 26, 1864.

68. Ibid., January 26, 1864; Wilmington Journal, May 20, 1865

69. San Francisco Alta California, January 29, April 3, 1865.

70. Ibid., January 14, 1866; Wilmington Journal, May 20, 1865.

71. Trask, 1950, p. 191.

72. W. H. Storms, "San Bernardino County," California Mining Bureau Report 11 ,1893, p. 368; Crawford, 1894, p. 233.

73. Mining and Scientific Press , July 7, 1906.

74. Denver Mining Science , December 10, 1908; Redlands Citrograph, May 2, July 4, 1908; Cloudman, 1919, p.787.

75. Denver Mining Reporter , April 26, 1906, November 26, December 10, 1908 Redlands Citrograph, December 22, 1906, January 5, 1907.

76. Aubury, 1908, pp. 336-337; David F. Myrick, Railroads of Arizona Vol. I (Berkeley: Howell North Books, 1976) pp. 142, 165; Albert G. Thurston, Desert Map (Pasadena: Albert G. Thurston Co., 1915).

77. Aubury, 1908, pp. 336-337.

78. Ibid., Redlands Citrograph , January 15, 1898, April 7, 1906; Thurston, 1915.

79. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald, February 1, 1912; Charles Battye, "Letters to the Editor," Desert Magazine , August, 1948, p. 29; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 305.

80. Wright, 1953, p. 64.

81. San Francisco Alta California, May 22, October 16, 1863.

82. Ibid., Los Angeles Star, December 19, 1863.

83. San Francisco Alta California, May 22, 1863; Los Angeles Star , December 19, 1863.

84. San Francisco Alta California , October 8, 16, 1863, December 16, 1865.   Richard E. Lingenfelter, Steamboats on the Colorado River (Tucson: The University of Arizona Press, 1978), p. 39.

85. C. Potter, The Mining Directory (San Francisco: Dewey and Co., 1864), p..

86. San Francisco Alta   California , November 14, 1864; Wilmington Journal , December 16, December 23, 1865.

87. Los Angeles News , November 21, 1865; Dennis C. Casebier, Camp Rock Springs, California (Norco: Tales of the Mojave Road Publishing Company, 1973), p. 12.

88. San Bernardino Guardian , June 29, July 13, September 21, 1872.

89. Wright, 1953, tab, list p. 75; Redlands Citrograph , January 3, 1903.

90. W. B. Tucker, 1921, p. 340; Barstow Printer , December 16, 1910, March 234, January 6, 1911; Tucker and Sampson, 1943, p. 447.

91. Tucker, 1921, p. 341, Tucker and Sampson, 1931, pp. 271, 272.

92. San Bernardino Weekly Times , July 3, 1880; Colton Semi Tropic , April 24, May 1, 1880.

93. San Bernardino Weekly Times , July 3, 1880; San Bernardino Valley Index , June 3, December 31, 1881.

94. San Bernardino Valley Index , January 21, 1881; Crossman, January 3, 1891.

95. San Bernardino Weekly Times , June 1, 1882; Frickstad, 1955, p. 144.

96. Myrick, 1963, pp.765,766; San Bernardino Weekly Times , Jan. 20, February 17, 1883.

97. L. A. Ingersoll, Ingersoll's Century Annals of San Bernardino County California, 1769 to 1904 (Los Angeles: L. A. Ingersoll, 1904) pp. 62,63,281.

98. Calico Print, February 15, March 29, May 3, 1885.

99. Ibid., June 21, July 19, 1885; Myrick, 1963, pp. 765,766.

100. DeGroot, 1890, p. 532.    

101. Kingman The Wallapai Tribune , April 10, 1886; DeGroot, 1890, p. 532; Calico Print, July 19, 1885.

102. Redlands Citrograph , March 31, December 8, 1906; Cloudman, 1919, p. 227.

103. Tucker, 1921, p. 360; W. B. Tucker, “Los Angeles Field Division, San Bernardino County,” California Mining Bureau Report 20 , 1924, p. 198.

104. Kingman The Wallapai Tribune , May 8, 1886; Crossman, January 3, 1891.

105. Kingman Our Mineral Wealth, February 16, 1894; Barstow Printer, December 5, 1913; Crawford, 1894, p. 233; Engineering and Mining Journal , March 23, 1901.

106. Barstow Printer , July 11, August 8, December 19, 1913; W. B. Tucker, "Mabel and Contention Mine," California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , Los Angeles Office, April 27, 1920.

107. Barstow Printer , January 16, February 27, April 17, June 12, 1914; Tucker, 1921, p. 348; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 301.

108. W. B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, “Current Mining Activity in Southern California,” California Division of Mines Report 36 , 1940, p. 58; Tucker and Sampson, 1943, pp. 441-442.

109. Bureau of Land Management, Land Records, T 10 N., R. 13 E. S. B. Meridian; Cloudman, 1919, p. 820; Thomas E. Gay Jr., “Iron Industries,” Lauren A. Wright ed., California Division of Mines Bulletin 176 , 1957, p. 254.

110. Engineering and Mining Journal, September 19, 1908; Mining and Scientific Press , September 12, 1908.

111. D. F. Hewett, “Geology and Mineral Resources of the Ivanpah Quadrangle, California and Nevada,” U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 275 (Washington D. C.; Government Printing Office, 1956), p. 127; Salt Lake City Mining Review , December 15, 1908; Barstow Printer , August 12, 1910, February 10, 1911.

112. Myrick, 1963, p. 558; Mendenhall, 1909, pp. 20,62,63.

113. Crossman, December 6, 1890; San Francisco Pacific Coast Mining Review , 1888, pp. 34, 48; “The Piute Company of California and Nevada,” 1870; San Bernardino County Miscellaneous Records Book A, p. 191.

114. Dennis G. Casebier and Chester King, “Historical Sketch of the East Mojave Planning Unit,” Background to Historic and Prehistoric Resources of the East Mojave Desert Region, U. S. Bureau of Land Management Report , 1976, pp. 302-303.

115. San Bernardino Guardian , June 18, August 20, 1870; Los Angeles Star , June 18, 1870.

116. San Bernardino Guardian , September 10, 1870; “The Piute Company,” June 28, 1870.

117. San Bernardino Guardian , March 4, August 5, September 30, 1874.

118. Ibid., August 5, September 30, 1871.

119. Ibid., September 30, 1871; “The Piute Company;” L. B. Belden, “Snow bogs down cattle drive at silver outcropping,” San Bernardino Sun Telegram , January 12, 1964.

120. San Bernardino Guardian , September 30, 1871.

121. Ibid., April 29, August 30, 1871; Crossman, December 13, 1890; Belden, January 12, 1964.

122. San Bernardino Guardian , April 13, December 9, 1871.

123. Ibid., August 24, 1872, April 26, 1873.

124. Ibid., March 22, 1873, February 21, 1874.

125. Ibid., September 13, 1875; San Bernardino Weekly Times , March 25, April 8, June 3, 1876

126. San Bernardino Valley Weekly Times , May 27th, June 17, 1876.

127. San Bernardino Argus , November 5, 1876.

128. Frickstad, 1955, p. 142; Colton Semi-Tropic , November 22, December 27, 1879, May 5, 1880.

129. Colton Semi-Tropic , March 20, April 10, 1880.

130. Ingersoll, 1904, p 280; Colton Semi-Tropic , April 24, 1880 ; San Bernardino Weekly Times , May 8, July 3, 1880.

131. Colton Semi-Tropic , May 1, 1880.

132. San Bernardino Weekly Times , August 28, 1880; San Bernardino Valley Index , March 25, April 29, 1881.

133. San Bernardino Valley Index , May 13, 27, 1881.

134. Ibid., December 31, 1881.

135. Ibid., June 3, July 29, 1881.

136. Ibid., September 2, 1881.

137. Kingman The Wallapai Tribune , May 8, 1886; Crossman, 1890, p. 531; Crossman, December 13, 1890; Frank Williams typewritten Biography Collection, Special Collections, University of Nevada, Las Vegas Library, circa 1945.

138. San Bernardino Weekly Times , March 20, 1880; Hewett, 1956,p. 132; Calico Print, May 31, April 19, 1885.

139. Calico Print, June 7, 21, 1885.

140. Calico Print, June 19, 1885; Crossman, December 13, 1890; Kingman The Wallapai Tribune, May 8, 1886; Cloudman, 1919, p. 808; DeGroot, 1890, p. 531; Hewett, 1956, p. 132; Frickstad, 1955, p. 143; J. R. Evans, “Geology of the Mescal Range, San Bernardino County, California,” University of Southern California unpublished M. S. Thesis , 1958, p. 122.

141 Mendenhall, 1909, p. 56, Redlands Citrograph , April 22, 1899.

142 Ibid.

143 Frickstad, 1955, p. 142; Engineering and Mining Journal , May 26, August 25, 1900.

144 Myrick, pp. 844-845.

145 L. E. Aubury, “The Copper Resources of California,” Bulletin 23 (Sacramento: California State Mining Bureau, 1902), p. 254.

146 Mining and Scientific Press , August 4, 1906; Aubury, 1902, p. 254; Cloudman 1919, p. 786.

147. Tucker, 1921, p. 339.

148. Cloudman, 1919, p. 786; Tucker, 1921, pp. 339-341; Hewett, 1956, pp. 136-138.

149. Peter Bancroft, “Roy Gem Azurite a New Gemstone,” Lapidary Journal, April, 1978, p. 66

150. P. F. Patrick, “Economic Geology of the Bullion Mining District, San Bernardino County, California,” University of Southern California unpublished M. A. Thesis, 1959, p. 172.

151. Searchlight Bulletin, April 30, May 7, 1909.

152. J. R. Evans, “elationship of Mineralization to Major Structural Features in the Mountain Pass Area, San Bernardino County, California,” California Geology , July, 1974, p. 147; Pacific Miner, April, 1908.

153. Bailey, 1902, pp. 6-10; Mining Review , July 15, 1908; Barstow Printer, July 15, 1910, April 21, 1911; Patchick, 1958, p. 169.

154. Tucker and Sampson, 1943, p. 456.

155. Hewett, 1956, p. 140; Paul Patchick, “A Geologist's notes on the Ivanpah Mountains,” Desert, May, 1961, pp. 8-11.

156.Crossman, December 31, 1890.

157. San Bernardino Guardian , May 17, 1873.

158. Casebier, 1976, p. 301.

159. Crossman, December 31, 1890; Ingersoll, 1904, pp. 179-180.

160. San Bernardino Argus, August 21, 1873.

161. San Bernardino Guardian , August 9, December 6, 1873, January 24, February 21, 1874.

162. San Bernardino Guardian, March 4, 1871, June 29, 1872, May 23, 1874; Crossman, December 31, 1890.

163. Colton Semi-Tropic , April 24, May 1, 1880, San Bernardino Valley Index , March 25, 1881.

164. Calico Print, May 15, 1885.

165. Myrick, pp. 841-843.

166. Mining and Scientific Press , March 25, April 22, 1893; Aubury, 1908, pp. 331,332.

167. Redlands Citrograph, July 20, 1907.

168. Charles Yale, “California,” U. S. Geological Survey, Mineral Resources of the United States, Calendar Year 1907, Washington , D. C.; Government Printing Office, 1908), p. 221; Yale, 1909, p. 346; Cloudman, 1919, p. 790; Hewett, 1956, p.790.

169.   Charles Battye, “Here and There on the Desert,” Barstow Printer-Review , June 10, 1943: Nell Marbarger, “Sleeping Ghosts in the New York Mountains,” Desert , October, 1957, p. 24; L. B. Belden, “It's gold: We're rich as Vanderbilts!” San Bernardino Sun-Telegram, January 19, 1964; Redlands Citrograph , May 24, 1894; Mining and Scientific Press , April 22, 1893.

170. Tucker and Sampson 1931, p,. 319; Storms, 1893, p. 367; Mining and Scientific Press , March 25, 1893, March 31, 1894; Battye, June 10, 1943; Marbarger, 1957; L. B. Belden, “Vanderbilt Ranks High on List of Rich Wild Camps,” San Bernardino Sun-Telegram , November 30, 1952; Frickstad, 1955, p. 146.

171. Engineering and Mining Journal , March 11, 1893; Mining and Scientific Press , April 14, 1894

172. Redlands Citrograph , June 11, 1893.

173. Ibid., January 13, 20, June 2, 1894; Belden, January 19, 1964; Mining and Scientific Press , April 14, 1894.

174. Redlands Citrograph , May 19, June 2, 30, 1894, August 15, 1902; J. J. Crawford, “California” Mining Bureau Report 13 , 1896, p. 326; Mining and Scientific Press , April 14, 1894.

175. Redlands Citrograph , August 22, 1894; Crawford, 1896, pp.320-327.

176. Redlands Citrograph , August 22, 1894; Engineering and Mining Journal , July 22, 1899.

177. Engineering and Mining Journal, August 11, 1900, December 13, 1902; Redlands Citrograph, August 16, 1902; Casebier, 1976, pp. 315-316; Riverside Daily Press , June 20, 1902.

178. Mining and Scientific Press , June 12, July 24, 1909.

179. Barstow Printer , July 15, September 5, 1910, April 14, 28, 1911, January 12, 1912.

180. Los Angeles Mining and Oil Bulletin , May, 1924, p. 286.

181. Hewett, 1956, p. 126; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 317; W. B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, “Current Mining Activity in Southern California, San Bernardino County, California,” California Division of Mines Report 30, 1934, p. 325; Tucker and Sampson, 1943, p. 464.

182. Denver Post, October 20, 1969; Telephone interview with Jack Jordan by Larry Vredenburgh, January 6, 1979; Interview with Emery Darbin by Larry Vredenburgh, Vanderbilt, California, November 23, 1978.

183. Pacific Miner , June, 1908; Mining Science , August 20, 1908; Yale, 1908, p. 221; Yale, 1909, p. 346; Mining and Scientific Press , September 29, 1909; Cloudman, 1919, p. 790; Hewett, 1956, p. 147.

184. Mining and Scientific Press , January 18, 25, May 9, 1908; Engineering and Mining Journal , January 10, 1908.

185. Engineering and Mining Journal, February 26, 1908; Mining Scientific Press , April 14, 1908.

186. Frickstad, 1955, p. 141; Mining and Scientific Press , March 5, 1908.

187. Engineering and Mining Journal , May 16, 1908; Mining and Scientific Press , May 9, 1908; Pacific Miner , May, 1908; Mining Review, April 30, October 30, 1908; Mining Science , May 14, 1908.

188. L. B. Belden, “Hart, Gold Camp on Nevada Line, Folded in 1918,” San Bernardino Sun-Telegram, September 30, 1956; Mining Review, May 18, 1908.

189. Mining Review, May 30, 1908.

190. Mining Science , April 16, June 18, November 19, 1908; Mining Review , November 15, 1908.

191. Barstow Printer , January 6, 1911.

192. Ibid., June 20, 1913; Mining and Scientific Press, March 20, May 29, 1915.

193. Hewett, 1956, p. 163, Wright, 1953, pp. 157, 186.

194. Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 398.   Colorado Springs The Mining Investor , September 7, 24, 1906, January 21, 1907.

195. Mineral Resources, 1907, p. 221; Denver Mining Reporter , November 7, 1907; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p.348.

196. Erwin G. Gudde, California Place Names (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1960), p. 381; Redlands Citrograph , April 7, 1906; “California Gold and Copper Co.,”   July, 1911, microfilm copy, University of Riverside Special Collections.

197. Crossman, January 10, 1891; Kingman Our Mineral Wealth , May 4, 1894; Thurston, 1915.

198. Crossman, January 10, 1891; Crawford, 1896, pp. 324-326; San Bernardino County Miscellaneous Records Book S, pp. 9-10.

199. Redlands Citrograph , April 7, August 25, 1906, February 2, July 20, 1907; San Bernardino County Deed of Mining Claim November 26, 1904; Riverside Enterprise , December 17, 1904, December 12, 1905, May 4, 18, 1907.

200. Mining and Scientific Press , July 24, November 20, 1909; Barstow Printer , February 24, July 7, 1911, July 7, 1912.

201. Wright, 1953, p. 68.

202. Redlands Citrograph , September 22, December 29, 1906, March 23, October 5, 1907.

203. Barstow Printer , February 24, 191.

204. Blythe Herald , May 7, 1925; Hewett, 1956, pp. 159, 162, Wright, 1953, tab. List, p. 32.

205. Mining and Scientific Press , April 17, 1909; Tucker and Sampson, 1940, p. 70; Cloudman, 1919, p. 849.

206. Charles Battye, “Old Woman Mountains,” Desert, December, 1940, p. 35.

207. San Bernardino Guardian , May 18, 1873; Redlands Citrograph , April 27, August 10, 1889.

208. Redlands Citrograph , August 24, November 2, 1889; DeGroot, 1890, p. 533

209. Kingman Our Mineral Wealth, November 5, 1893, April 20, 1894; H. C. Cloudman, “Wheel of Fortune Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , December 15, 1913; Crawford, 1896, p. 329.

210. Barstow Printer , March 10, 1911; “Wheel of Fortune Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes.

211. Crawford, 1896, p. 321; Barstow Printer, March 10, 1911; David G. Thompson, “Routes to Desert Watering Places in the Mohave Desert Region,” U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 490-B , 1921, p. 221.

212. Barstow Printer , January 31, 1913; Redlands Citrograph , March 20, 1897.

213. Barstow Printer , March 15, 1902; Crossman, January 10, 1891; Bailey, 1902, pp. 10, 16; Redlands Citrograph, March 15, 1902.

214. Fred T. Perris, Perris' Miners Map of the Desert Region of Southern California (Chicago: Rand McNally and Co., 1896), scale eight miles to one inch; H. C. Cloudman, “Black Metal Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , April 11, 1914; Barstow Printer , July 22, 1910.

215. Barstow Printer , February 10, March 24, April 7, 21, August 8, September 22, 1911; “Black Metal Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes.

216. Blythe Palo Verde Valley Herald March 16, April 6, June 26, August 10, October 19, 1911, September 19, 1912, February 1, 1913.

217. Engineering and Mining Journal , November 12, 1898, January 20, 1900; Redlands Citrograph, June 3, 1905; Barstow Printer , February 10, March 10, September 22, 1911.

218. W. S. Brayton, “Lucky Jim Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , June 15, 1914; Thompson, 1921, pp. 227-705; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 274.

219. Wright, 1953, pp. 148, 149.

220. Tucker and Sampson, 1943, pp. 518-520; Wright, 1953, p. 173; Dixon Chubbuck, interview, Rancho Santa Fe, California, June, 1977, with Larry Vredenburgh.

221. Redlands Citrograph, January 7, 1903; Charles Battye, "Here and There on the Desert," Barstow Printer-Review, June 10, 1943; Myrick 1963, p. 828.

222. Wright, 1953, p. 71; Myrick, 1963, p. 835.

223. Emery Darbin Interview with Larry Vredenburgh.

224. Charles Battye, “Railroading vs. Prospecting When the Santa Fe Was Young.”   The Santa Fe Magazine , March, 1934, pp. 37-40; Engineering and Mining Journal , October, 6, 1900.

225 Engineering and Mining Journal, December 20, 1902; Mining Reporter, May 30, 1907.

226. Denver Mining Reporter , July 4, 1907; Denver Mining Science , May 21, 28, 1908; Engineering and Mining Journal , August 15, 1908; Mining Review , November 30, 1908; Barstow Printer , December 16, 1910.

227. Mining Review , November 30, 1908.

228. Gudde, 1975, p. 47; H. C. Cloudman, “The Orange Blossom Extension Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes, November 10, 1913; Barstow Printer , November 11, 1910; Charles Battye, “Old Days at Baghdad on the Mojave Desert,” Desert , February, 1942, p. 56.

229. Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 290.

230. Mining Review , June 15, 1909; Barstow Printer, January 6, February 24, September 15, 1911, January 24, 1914.

231. Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 290.

232. Barstow Printer , January 31, 1913; Mining and Scientific Press , April 15, 1916; Los Angeles Mining and Oil Bulletin , April, 1917, pp. 108-111; Tucker, 1921, p. 346.

233. San Bernardino Guardian , November 29, 1873.

234. San Bernardino Guardian October 4, December 6, 1873.

235.. Ronald Dean Miller, Mines of the High Desert (Glendale: La Siesta Press, 1968), p. 13, 14, 16-19.

236. Wright, 1953, p. 81.

237. Miller, P. 29-34.

238. Frickstad, 1955, p. 141; Engineering and Mining Journal , August 1, 1908.

239. Wright, 1953, pp. 73, 83.

240. Hugh Huebner interview June 1978, San Bernardino, with Larry Vredenburgh.

241. San Bernardino Valley Index , September 9, 1881; San Bernardino Weekly Times , August 7, 1881, Colton Semi Tropic, August 7, 1881; Myrick, 1963, p. 815.

242. San Bernardino Valley Index , March 15, May 6, 1881; Crossman, November 8, 1890, Crawford, 1896, p. 321; Redlands Citrograph, September 30, 1893.

243. Redlands Citrograph, September 22, 1894; Engineering and Mining Journal , June 23, 1894; Crawford, 1894, p. 234; Crawford, 1896, p. 326.

244. Redlands Citrograph , May 20, 1905; Yale, 1907, p. 194; Engineering and Mining Journal , July 4, 1908; Mendenhall, 1909, p. 73.

245. Thompson, 1921, p. 633; J. H. Eric, “Tabulation of Copper Properties of California,” California Division of Mines Bulletin 144 , 1948, p. 502.

246. M. A. Newman, “Los Angeles Field Division, San Bernardino County,” California Mining Bureau Report 19 , 1923, p. 63; Tucker and Sampson, 1943, p. 55; Tucker and Sampson, 1931, p. 294.

247. F. H. Weber Jr., “Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Ord Mountain District, San Bernardino County, California,” California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 77 , 1963, pp. 21-22.

248. Tucker and Sampson, 1931, pp. 299, 307, 308.

249. Wright, 1953, tab. list. p. 33; W. B. Tucker and R. J. Sampson, “Economic Minerals of the Newberry and Ord Mountains, San Bernardino County,” California Division of Mines Report 36 , 1940, p. 233.

250.   San Bernardino Guardian , October 19, 1867, June 8, 1872, January 11, April 12, 1873.

251. San Bernardino Valley Weekly Times , May 29, 1880; Gudde, p. 256; Frickstad, p. 141;   San Bernardino Valley Index , March 25, April 15, 29, July 22, September 9, October 29, November 19, 1881.

252. Cloudman, 1919, p. 815; Myrick, pp. 815-816.

253. Storms, 1893, p. 361; Cloudman 1919, p. 811;   Redlands Citrograph , August 24, 1889; Oliver E. Bowen Jr., “Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Barstow Quadrangle, San Bernardino County California,” California Division of Mines Bulletin 165, 1954, p. 129.

254. Crossman, November 1, 1890.

255. Redlands Citrograph , August 24, 1889; Crossman, 1890, p. 527.

256. Crossman, 1890, p. 527; Crawford, 1894, p. 235; Crawford, 1896, p. 328; Bowen, pp. 131-134; William S. Murphy, “Fallout Shelter Falls Prey to Declining Fears,” Los Angeles Times , May 7, 1973.

257. H. C. Cloudman, “Midas Group,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , March 22, 1914; E. Hugenin, “Ozark Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , July 21, 1916; J. S. Garrison, “Ozark Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , December 3, 1910.

258. H. C. Cloudman, “Yankee Maid Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , March 22, 1914; Interview with Tim Allen by Larry Vredenburgh, Victorville, January 1, 1978.

259. Bowen, pp. 131-134.

260. Myrick, p. 815; Jo Park, Waterman Silver Mine , Patricia Keeling, ed., (Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum Association, 1977), p. 90; Martha Burnau, Robert Whitney Waterman , Patricia Keeling, ed., (Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum Association, 1977), p. 88.

261. DeGroot, 1890, p. 531. Park, p. 90.

262. Burnau, p. 88, Bowen, 1954, p. 138.

263. Myrick, 1963, pp. 814-823; F. Harold Weber, Jr., “Silver Mining in Old Calico,” Mineral Information Service, May, 1966, pp. 71-80.

264. Myrick, 1963, pp. 814-823; Weber, pp. 71-80.

265. Myrick, 1963, pp. 814-823; Weber, pp. 71-80; Dolores Leroux and Virgil Collins, Mill Sites of the Calico Mining District, Patricia Keeling, ed., (Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum Association, 1977), pp. 90-91.

266. Ibid., Weber, 1954, pp. 71-80; Myrick, 1963, pp. 814-823; Paher, 1973, p. 43.

267. Paher, p. 43; Myrick, 1963, pp. 814-823; Harold F. Weber, Jr., ”Gravity Fault Dislocation of Silver Ore Bodies, Calico District, San Bernardino County,” California Geological Society of America Abstracts 3 (February, 1971): 214.

268. Myrick, 1963, pp. 813-823.

269. June Zeitelhack and Jan Zeitelhack La Barge, Operations of the Pacific Coast Borax Company 1883-1907, Patricia Keeling, ed., (Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum Association, 1977), p. 96-104.

270. San Bernardino County Deed Book 29, p. 527; San Bernardino Valley Index , March 25, 1881.

271. Calico Print , March 22, April 26, 1885; Storms, 1893, pp. 359-260.

272. Storms, 1893, pp. 359-360.

273. Ibid.; Mendenhall, 1909, p. 64.

274. M. A. Newman, 1923, p. 63; Wright, 1953, p. 70; F. M. Byers, Jr., “Geology of the Alvord Mountain Quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California,” U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1089-A (Washington D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1960), pp. 61-63.

275. Calico Print , March 1, July 19, 1885; Wynn, 51.

276. Engineering and Mining Journal, May 20, 1899, April 10, 1926; Bowen, pp. 126-127; Mora M. Brown, "Digging for Petrified Roots," Desert, March, 1942, p. 15.

277. Engineering and Mining Journal , May 19, June 9, 1900; Nellie Payne, Coolgardie Placer Mines, Patricia Keeling, ed. (Barstow: Mojave River Valley Museum Association, 1977), p. 108.

278. Engineering and Mining Journal , June 22, 1901, October 3, 1903; Mendenhall, 1909, pp. 58-59; Barstow Printer , September 8, 1911.

279. Mendenhall, 1909, pp. 58-59; Thompson, 1921, p. 288.

280. Albury, 1902, pp. 251-252.

281. H. C. Cloudman, “Golden Eagle (First Chance) Mine,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , November 20-23, 1913; Barstow Printer, June 2, 1911.

282. Barstow Printer , Feb. 29, October 28, 1910.

283. Barstow Printer, November 18, 1910, February 3, June 9, December 1, 1911, November 3, 1916.

284. Barstow Printer, June 2, 1927.

285. Barstow Printer , August 26, September 23, 1910, January 6, March 24, 1911, April 26, 1912.

286. Barstow Printer, August 25, 1911; Wynn, 1949, p. 234; Cloudman, 1919, pp. 863-864; Newman, p. 63.

287. Paher, 1973, p. 43; Aubury, 1902, pp. 251-252; Engineering and Mining Journal , September 10, December 17, 1898.

288. Myrick, 1963, p. 55; Mendenhall, 1909, pp. 58-59, Thompson, 1921, p. 173; Cloudman, 1919, p. 787.

289. Paher, 1973, p. 43; Barstow Printer , August 5, September 2, 1910.

290. Barstow Printer , November 11, 18, December 9, 1910, February 3, 17, 1911; H. C. Cloudman, “Big Drum Group,” California Mining Bureau unpublished field notes , November 25, 1913.

291. Barstow Printer , October 22, 29, November 5, 1915, May 12, 1916.

292. Barstow Printer , January 26, 1917; Frickstad, 1955, pp. 140-141.   A. E. Ray, Goldstone District-San Bernardino County-California,” Mining and Oil Bulletin , June, 1916, p. 149; Cloudman, 1919, pp. 804-808.

293. D. F. Hewitt, et. al., “Mineral Resources of the Region Around Boulder Dam,” U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 871 (Washington D. C.: Government Printing Office, 1936), P. 48; Tucker and Sampson, 1940, p. 57; Tucker and Sampson, 1943, p. 441; Tucker, 1924, p. 47.

294. Frickstad, 1955, p. 141; Thompson, 1921, p 182; Barstow Printer , April 27, 1917.

295. David G. Thompson, “The Mojave Desert Region, California - A Geographic, Geologic, and Hydrologic Reconnaissance,” U. S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 578 (Washington:   Government Printing Office, 1929),   pp. 238-240, 254.

296. Goodyear, 1888, p. 500; Tucker, 1920, p. 350; Newman, Report 18, p. 613


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